These findings were echoed in the study by Bultmann and colleagues (2013) 3, who found that in the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study, sleep disturbances and fatigue significantly predicted sickness absence. Strong evidence from previous studies shows sleep disturbances are important factors of absenteeism for instance, a study by Sivertsen and colleagues (2013) 2 examined data from the Hordaland Health Study and showed that insomnia and sleep apnea were both predictive of subsequent sick leave. In the US, employees’ insufficient sleep caused an estimated $150 billion in indirect costs (combined costs of absenteeism, presenteeism, and workplace accident or injuries) 1. According to a recent World Economic Forum report emphasizing chronic disease prevention at worksites as a strategy to enhance workforce wellness and performance, insufficient sleep is one of the eight major employee behaviors that employers should invest resources to address, to significantly reduce health care cost and increase productivity 1. Previous studies have shown associations between employees’ sleep disturbances and a wide variety of negative occupational outcomes, including (1) absenteeism, (2) decreased productivity or presenteeism, (3) accidents and injuries, and (4) increased healthcare costs. ![]() Sleep is an important area of focus in occupational medicine.
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